Suggestions for Beautifying the Pronunciation of Efl Learners

Proposals for Beautifying the Pronunciation of EFL Learners in Higher Education Hasan Zainnuri, S. Pd. [emailâ protected] com English Education Department of Postgraduate Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta Abstract This paper right off the bat focuses on that the significance of the communicated in type of the language and thus unknown dialect students ought to have right and exact elocution. It sums up the foundation of articulation instructing, underlines the requirement for joining elocution into unknown dialect classes inferable from seeing articulation as a vital aspect for increasing full open competence.Most of the individuals learning an unknown dialect experience a few issues of way to express the new dialect, attributable to some contributory variables. This paper comprises of the introduction of the elements influencing the way to express EFL students in Indonesia in language learning and showing process and furthermore it recommends some vital procedures for the arrange ment of these variables. A few recommendations are likewise given for how these methods ought to be applied for. Watchwords: unknown dialect, exact articulation, EFL, advanced education A.Introduction One of the general goals in the unknown dialect instructing, perhaps the most significant one, is to show the students to communicate in the objective language precisely and understandably since to become familiar with a language likewise intends to create the sounds, expressions, and the words appropriately and effectively instead of having the option to speak with the individuals in the objective language network. To arrive at this objective, talking exercises ought to be done at each phase of the unknown dialect educating process.It must be borne as a top priority that tuning in and talking go connected at the hip in unknown dialect instructing in light of the fact that discourse is significant medium through which correspondence is accomplished. That’s to state, language is basically discourse and it is more fundamental to language than the composed structure (Larsen-Freeman, 2000: 44). As per Knowles (1987: 1) composed language has the bit of leeway that it is changeless with the goal that it tends to be concentrated advantageously and at relaxation, yet communicated in language is more ‘elusive’. At the end of the day, composed language resembles a blemished adaptation of the poken language. As people, we as a whole figure out how to talk before we figure out how to peruse and compose; in other words, individuals become familiar with the language by hearing the sounds verbally expressed in their condition. Boundless quantities of sounds, particularly discourse sounds, in the language help the student to comprehend and to create the language. Moreover, on the planet there are still dialects which have never been recorded and furthermore social orders have had discourse before composed types of their dialects. Obviously, human talk is the most established structure the entirety of the societies.It ought to be noted here that language students consistently experience a few challenges and issues while learning an unknown dialect. One of the most noteworthy troubles found in this procedure happens to be in the way to express the unknown dialect jargon. In this way, unknown dialect students have bunches of issues with articulation on account of certain components, for example, local language factor (primary language obstruction), age, condition, character, and so on influence their inspiration in learning.Rivers (1986: 125) urges that all people had experience when tuning in to a foreigners’ communicating in language, of having extraordinary trouble in understanding what they are attempting to state, not due to their absence of information on 1 jargon and language structure, but since the sounds they produce appeared to be weird and the voice rose and fell in startling spots. This sentence stresses a verifiable tr uth that the vast majority of the individuals learning an unknown dialect experience a few issues of way to express the new dialect, attributable to some contributory factors.Therefore, they bomb in oral correspondence in spite of the fact that they are adequate enough in different abilities of the language. B. Elements Affecting the Pronunciation of EFL Learners 1. The Native Language Factor Needless to state, students of a language communicate in the objective language in an alternate way: in some cases somewhat unique and now and then exceptionally not quite the same as the local speakers’ do, which we call â€Å"foreign accent†, the idea of which is resolved to a huge reach out by a learner’s local language (Avery and Ehrlich, 1987: 9).This is known as native language impedance. In other words, each language on the planet has distinctive 112 assortments and various accents. In this way, the manner in which we talk is a piece of our personality, that is, phon emic contrasts between dialects causes an objective language which will be spoken with an outside emphasize. Therefore, there may not be any distinction in the way to express [? ] and [i], and afterward an outside complement conveys the sound attributes of the learners’ local language.As known, a language is a piece of a culture, in this manner it is unavoidable that there must be first language obstruction, which is local language impact, in the way to express the objective language. This view had been perceived by Whorfian Hypothesis. As per Sapir and Whorf, peoples’ perspective on world impacts their language and furthermore individuals receive the perspective on their general surroundings through the experience and classes of their language.As a client of Indonesian language, we experience issues in some English words and sounds which are not found in our local language. For instance,/? /,/? /,/? /,/? /sounds don't exist in Indonesian and that is the reason Indones ian students experience elocution troubles with the words that incorporate those sounds and therefore never acquire a local like complement, so they produce those sound affected by their mom tongue.Since English is certifiably not a tonic language, Indonesian understudies have additionally a few issues with pressure, pitch, and musicality which decide the general beat and song of a language can be moved from the local language into the objective language (Avery and Ehrlich, 1987: 10) since Indonesian students believe that on the off chance that they talk or articulate the words with a solid pressure, they will be better comprehended. The other issue happens when the guidelines for joining the sounds in types of syllables are distinctive in two languages.In unknown dialect learning, the impact of the local language is unavoidable; this happens to be issue of language instructors. A welltrained English instructor in phonetics and phonology can lessen the negative exchanges of sounds t o a more prominent degree. Along these lines, he should utilize exceptionally arranged articulation educating methods. At that point, the non-local English educators are battling with the negative impedance from the first language of the understudies in the entirety of their showing lives, and they ought to do as such for a better than average instructing practice. 2. The Age Factor This is one of the most significant factors in the learning of the ronunciation of an unknown dialect. We can say that in the event that somebody articulates a second language with a nativelike emphasize, s/he should have likely begun to learn it during their adolescence. For example, offspring of foreigners might be given for instance. Since these youngsters start their subsequent language learning process in target language talking individuals condition, they have a larger number of points of interest than the kids who attempt to get familiar with the objective language in their homelands in light of t he fact that there are essential contrasts between the language a gathering utilizes and the language of standard study halls and workplaces.At a similar time, if small kids are presented to 2 more than one language before the period of pubescence, they appear to procure all dialects similarly well since it has been guaranteed that kids are greater at learning than grown-ups. As Krashen (1988: 43) referenced acquirers who start to presentation to a second language during adolescence for the most part accomplish higher second language capability than those start as grown-ups. He additionally expressed that lateralization may even be finished by age 4, not by pubescence. A few analysts and neurolinguists have guaranteed that there is a solid association between language learning and lateralization.Lenneberg theorized that lateralization is a moderate procedure that starts around the age of 2 and is finished around pubescence. He had additionally included that correct side of the equat or in youngsters is progressively dynamic in the language work yet as kid builds up the different sides of the mind become particular for various capacities and subsequently lateralization happens. The basic age theory asserts that there is such a natural schedule (Brown, 1987: 42). It has been asserted that there is a basic age period for language learning, however it is generally talked about whether there is a basic period for language or not.Evidently, unknown dialect training scientists have delineated numerous perspectives about the basic age theory. As a rule, it concurs with the period when lateralization is occurring and closes when it is finished. This was guessed by Lenneberg who was one of the wholehearted supporters of basic age speculation. In whole, since kids are better in learning the language in short run, instructing elocution procedure ought to be begun in adolescence since it has been guaranteed that past pubescence it is very hard to train the students to get a local speakers like language accent.As an outcome, the age of the student is exceptionally significant in the articulation learning of an unknown dialect because of the variables referenced previously. The matured students get the right elocution somewhat late, so the unknown dialect instructors must be understanding in this sense, and should plan uncommon articulation bores and have the understudies rehash. They will get a satisfactory degree of good enunciation in the long haul. 3. The Amount of Exposure Another factor is the measure of introduction to the act of English. English isn't just utilized in the study hall environment.We can deal with this subject from the perspective whether the student has been living in a coun

Marcel Duchamps Nude Descending Essay Example

Marcel Duchamps Nude Descending Paper Expressionism as a development in Germany secured various inventive media, for example, visual craftsmanship, writing and theater, just as its effect on the universe of film. Its visual style and topics speak to from multiple points of view the individual and social clash felt in Germany at that point, and as communicated by Klinge (1983, p. 106), to discover answers, specialists turned internal, to extend human feeling through their movies. This brought about an assortment of dull, baffling blood and gore movies, the style of which has had an extraordinary effect on producers since the period, and straight up to the current day. An early expressionist film that exemplifies the vast majority of the qualities related with the development is The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (Wiene, 1920), and I will be seeing this film specifically detail - regarding other Expressionist movies and those affected by them to see further the methods utilized in making the film and the importance behind them. So as to comprehend the significance behind the development, it is indispensable to consider occasions past to the period. From the unification of Germany in 1871, Europe experienced common distress at the equalization of forces inside the landmass, and WW1 (1914-1918) caused annihilation and Germany endured under the Treaty of Versailles (1919), which finished the war. A typical topic in German Expressionist film is that of power, or all the more explicitly, the possibility of oppression (Kraucauer, 1947). In The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Caligari utilizes his sleep inducing power as a methods for control of Cesare, who he makes submit murder. We will compose a custom exposition test on Marcel Duchamps Nude Descending explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Marcel Duchamps Nude Descending explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Marcel Duchamps Nude Descending explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This thought of being under force which can't be battled against likely could be a similarity for Germanys treatment, and in their view, abuse, during the war years. Toward the finish of the film, in any case, it is clarified that Francis is apparently fanciful, with the oppressive figure of Caligari triumphing. In scholars Hanz Janowitz and Carl Mayers unique content, this didn't occur, and the story uncovered the frenzy characteristic in a fixation on power (Klinge, 1983). In any case, Wiene settled on the directorial decision to change this closure, so authority triumphed. This message was not followed in other expressionist movies, for example, Nosferatu (Murnau, 1922), where the movies domineering adversary is at long last vanquished. To add significantly more to the movies uncertainty, an encircling gadget is utilized the possibility of Francis recounting to the story from inside the haven (in spite of the fact that we just truly understand this all things considered). The gadget shows crowds that the occasions seen are just Francis understanding, and leaves an uncomfortable sentiment of not being certain what to accept a killer pulling off his wrongdoing, or Francis being essentially silly. This thought of the world being disconnected and befuddling is appeared inside the mise-en-scene of the movies, as a component of the sets. The sets, planned by three expressionist craftsmen Walter Reimann, Walter Rohrig and Hermann Warm utilize sharp edges and spiked lines, for example, the style of the houses in The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, which are set at edges with sharp corners. These sets are regularly agent to works of art inside the Expressionist development in visual expressions, which include similar edges and contorted viewpoint, for instance, Marcel Duchamps Nude Descending a Staircase (1912), in which the naked and the flight of stairs are spoken to dynamically, in no sort of naturalistic way. These sorts of sets have clarified impact on later movies, a specific chief utilizing the style being Tim Burton. A case of this is in his film Sleepy Hollow (1999); the trees in the timberland setting are dull and rough, with pointed finishes. In the film, hero Crane encounters sentiments of frenzy, and similarly as with Expressionist film, the disconnection of the sets speak to these emotions. Another case of Burtons reverence to Expressionist film is the set structure on Batman Returns (1992), in which the long shots of Gotham City are suggestive of those found in Metropolis (Lang, 1926), with tall, approaching structures that appear to be abusive to those underneath them. The acting in Expressionist film additionally adds to the general style of the film. Because of these movies being made in the quiet time, before the revelation of sound, a great part of the entertainers feeling was appeared through their over the top articulations and signal, and they frequently moved in a non-naturalistic way and endeavored rakish stances and jerky development [ ] to fortify the subject of a general public messed up (Klinge, 1983). The portrayals of individuals inside Expressionist compositions were additionally contorted, for example, in Edward Munchs The Cry (1893), and likewise with the sets, these portrayals appeared to have an impact on the characterisation in the movies.

The defence of self-defence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The resistance of self-protection - Essay Example An individual is permitted according to the legal barrier to utilize sensible power trying to abstain from carrying out a wrongdoing in such circumstances wherein the individual can't utilize the precedent-based law to benefit himself. It is for the jury to choose as customary individuals from the network what precisely can be qualified as sensible power in a specific case thinking about its individualistic realities. Ross is genuinely an exceptionally tough man, and he expected to secure himself not just against the main endeavor of Samantha to harm or murder him yet in addition her ensuing endeavors. He expected to use in any event as much power that would assist him with accomplishing that. His utilization of power didn't right away reason the passing of Samantha. Hence, Ross is guiltless on account of Samantha’s passing. The guard of self-preservation For the situation viable, despite the fact that Ross might be accused for slaughtering David, yet the accuse that has been set for him for executing Samantha isn't right since what he did was an endeavor to shield himself from the damage that Samantha was going to aim him with her golf club. Self-protection makes a significant piece of the English law’s precept of private barrier. Ross ought not be seen as blameworthy of the homicide of Samantha and the guard of self-protection ought to have been put to the jury. ... English law has self-protection as a total resistance of support regardless that incorporates any sort of attack. This makes self-preservation not at all like the loss of control that applies only for the moderation of what might be delegated murder to homicide in any case. In contrast to loss of control, self-preservation is a finished protection. On account of this culmination, the translation of self-protection is done in a similarly preservationist way so as to keep away from the advancement of a legitimization standard that is excessively liberal. Progressively sympathetic safeguards give the negative respondents more prominent motivators of the defence’s misuse in their arranging of the utilization of viciousness just as when they need to make a clarification of the issues following the episode. Jury in the cases including self-protection are qualified for consider the defendant’s physical attributes, however such proof doesn't have a lot of probative incentive in arriving at the choice if unreasonable power was inferred. As indicated by the standard of general custom-based law, â€Å"A respondent is qualified for utilize sensible power to secure himself, others for whom he is dependable and his property. It must be reasonable† (Beckford v R (1988) 1 AC 130 refered to in Smart Self Defense, 2011). For the situation viable, Ross is a substantial man who is in excess of six feet in stature though Samantha is modest with an all out tallness of just five feet and three inches. Ross’ better than expected physical structure and exorbitant quality in contrast with Samantha alongside Samantha’s beneath normal stature may give Ross some preferred position according to law since Ross was excessively amazing, yet in addition Samantha was excessively unimposing in

Edouard Manets Olympia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Edouard Manets Olympia - Essay Example Be that as it may, youthful Edouard defied the desire of his dad, who needed for him to turn into a legal counselor. He went to follow his enthusiasm of contemplating painting at the Louver, and abroad in Holland and Italy.1 His work, continually denied by the foundation, got the help of his dear companion Baudelaire and was enlivened by Velazquez, Rembrandt and Titian. Manet painted a wide assortment of subjects (seascapes, still lifes, representations, just as urban, strict and chronicled scenes) and his most well known artistic creations are Musique aux Tuileries, Djeuner sur l'Herbe, Le Fifre, Un Bar aux Folies-Bergres and obviously, Olympia. Bolstered by Emile Zola, he additionally painted his picture in 1866.2 At the point when he kicked the bucket in his mid 50s, the Impressionists were making workmanship that demanded it was existing apart from everything else - a train steaming out of a station, downpour on the avenue, Manet's craft is at the bleeding edge of this revelation of contemporary life during their time.3 Right up 'til today, various specialists had started to challenge the stale shows of the Academy when Manet's Olympia was acknowledged for the Salon in 1865. Never had a work caused such outrage. Pundits prompted pregnant ladies to maintain a strategic distance from the image, and it was consigned to defeat vandals. She is certainly not a remote goddess however unequivocally in the present, effortlessly perceived among the demimonde of whores and dancehalls.4 Viewers were not used to the artistic creation's level space and shallow volumes. To many, Manet's shading patches seemed incomplete. Much all the more stunning was the forthright genuineness of his prostitute: it was her strength, not her nakedness, that affronted. Her slow posture replicated a Titian Venus, however Manet didn't shroud her with folklore. In Olympia's watchful eye there is no statement of regret for exotic nature and, for awkward watchers, no getting away from her reality.5 Anthony Julius concurs with that reason of getting away from the real world. In his book, Shock and workmanship Transgressions: The Offenses of Arts (2001), he regards that such craftsmanship prevails by estranging individuals, uncovering our partialities, attacking our propensities. So Manet's Olympia, an exposed whore in an exemplary posture, gazes back at us, exposing the time of male strength and voyeurism camouflaged as an enthusiasm for the imaginative bare of legend and history. He guarantees that the motivation behind the painter, which is to pass on his aestheticness is covered by the stun esteem and reduces its similarity to esteem as a workmanship. In Heschel's investigation of Geiger's investigation of the Jewish Jesus (1988), she attracts a relationship to Manet's Olympia, whose immediate gaze at her crowd discomforted a world used to the shy imaginative depiction of ladies and presumed that it was unchristian and making it to a lesser extent an academic look. Geiger's Jewish investigation of Jesus agitated the Christian, or in any event socially Christian, scholastic world. As indicated by Heschel, by switching the circumstance in which Christians, particularly the scriptural pundits of the age, expounded on Judaism to one where Jews expounded on Christianity, Geiger made a significant change in accordance with the force relations between the two religions. Where Christian scholars abraded Pharisees and Pharisaism, Geiger contended deliberately that Jesus was a Pharisee second to none; the perfect that Jesus lectured so

Fading in the Anthropocene - Literature Essay Samples

In their poems â€Å"At the Fishhouses† and â€Å"For the Union Dead†, Elizabeth Bishop and Robert Lowell respectively examine the landscapes of their childhoods as a means of determining what is lost in mankind’s strives towards modernity and what survives. Both poets utilize strong imagery to depict their worn locales and each narrator retains a childlike wonder despite, or perhaps due to, the crushing weight they bear as witnesses to a time gone by. But their perceptions of this loss create distinct representations of the same fate of fading in the Anthropocene: while Bishop’s little town will be lost just as Venice sinks into the sea, the downtown Lowell wanders will be lost in great strokes of tragedy as was done to Hiroshima. Those left behind in â€Å"At the Fishhouses† are witnesses, whereas those in â€Å"For the Union Dead† are survivors of history. At the Fishhouses begins with a description of a scene that seems eternally suspended. The verbs in the opening stanzas are stative, the five fishhouses have steeply peaked roofs, all is silver, the big fish tubs are completely lined, and, on the slope . . . is an ancient wooden capstan. Yet Bishops descriptions insist that the scene she observes is the product of continual changes brought on both by nature and the society which has resided within it: the mans shuttle is worn and polished, the ironwork on the capstan has rusted, the buildings have an emerald moss growing on their shoreward walls. Such details imply that, should she return in later decades, she would find a different scene in which these processes of erosion, decay, and growth were further advanced, but the settings she views in the poem would still be present. Despite the passing of time these monuments to the toils of man continue to stand resolute. The fixed nature of the setting is further undercut once the speaker becomes an active participant in the narrative, offering the old man a Lucky Strike and engaging him in conversation. With her entrance the reminders of historical process become overt: he was a friend of my grandfather implies her grandfathers death, and the decline of the population tells of broader changes occurring within the seaside town or within the sea itself. The knife the old man uses to scale the fish has been whittled down to nothing, however he continues his work and, â€Å"There are sequins on his vest and on his thumb† as there have assuredly been for decades. He remains, a testament to a time seemingly gone by, but still recognizable to the casual viewer within this physical space. In being presented as a symbol for that which has seemingly passed, the old man develops an identity as the story’s witness: be it to a past that can no longer be touched by the narrator or to his own history being enveloped by the sea in real time. He exists as witness, rather than as survivor, due to the perceived passivity of his action. The old man continues in his daily toil, executing the same duties with pauses only to recall that which has fallen behind him. He is not responsive to the tragedy occurring, merely mentioning the â€Å"declining populations† rather than addressing them head on. Nor is he memorialized for the deeds he has done, the fading town watches in abject apathy as he continues to produce the same labors he always has, with his knife turned to a nub and the shorn scales of the fish the closest thing to a celebration of his efforts. In contrast to those left behind with Lowell, the old man retains his original form and sense of duty, where Colon el Shaw became a simulacrum and the other remnants became inorganic tools to be utilized, the narrator’s family acquaintance is permitted to continue his work, his purpose within society remaining widely unacknowledged but static until he presumably dies. Lowells For the Union Dead expands upon this context of the individual experience of time and loss with senses distinct from those of Bishop. In his vignettes, Lowell presents the myriad ramifications of loss, and how each is remembered within the postmodern society of Boston; these grandiose expanses of memorials to things lost and the lost themselves contrast the narrower interpersonal perspective on history that Bishop’s provincial setting invokes. Vanished buildings, displaced monuments, misplaced childhoods, crumbling traditions, frayed dignity, and annihilated cities are represented in successive quatrains through the eyes of the poet reviewing the changes which have overtaken his native city. As with Bishop, Lowell tellingly objectifies the process of loss by his persistent attention to visual stimuli. The first stanza is passive, The old South Boston Aquarium standsin a Sahara of snow now. Its broken windows are boarded.The bronze weathervane cod has lost half its scales.The airy tanks are dry. Lowell is merely examining, rather than reacting to, this testament to a time gone by. Now a diminished survivor, this aquarium is just the first of many attenuated monuments that populate the poem. Saint-Gaudenss shaking Civil War relief, is now propped by a plank splint against the garages earthquake, and the neighboring Statehouse has relinquished its own traditional centrality and dignity as well. Braced and held upright by girders and gouged out underneath to make room for a parking garage, it appears a symbolic victim of the modern, mechanical society that persistently displaces the traditional past in both this poem and, to a lesser degree, in Bishop’s. These physical symbols of local cultural attrition provide the context for losses of a different order in Lowell’s poem. The death of Colonel Shaw and his black regiment during the Civil War represents a lofty philosophical significance in Lowell’s narrative that could not have been achieved without the visual of the â€Å"bronzed Negroes† immortalized in their fight in the twentieth century; a harsh reminder of the racially charged fight in midcentury Boston, where â€Å"the drained faces of Negro school-children rise like balloons† as they fight for desegregated schools. Modern senses of loss and destruction are further represented by an advertisement of Hiroshima boiling, adding another modern balance to the losses presented by Colonel Shaw’s memorial. Just as Lowells For the Union Dead presents its catalog of losses, it also presents a peculiar parallel for its survivors: as with Bishop, almost nothing mentioned in the poem quite disappears. The aquarium stands in ruins, but still it stands. Its cowed, compliant fish may be no more, but a bronze weathervane cod still sits atop the roof, having, â€Å"lost half its scales just as the fish in Bishop’s poem lost all that was beautiful about them, too. Later the fish reappear, in the angry final lines of the poem, having suffered metamorphosis into dynamic, mechanical monsters: Everywhere, giant finned cars nose forward like fish; a savage servility slides by on grease. These two versions of the fish-as-survivor characterize the two opposing types of survivor in the poem. Survivors appear either as static simulacrums of their former selves, or brutal mechanical transformations of what once was. Some of the poems many figures have lost all but a vicarious existence, living on in the form of monuments. These icons are static except in the sense that they suffer the same physical erosion seen in â€Å"At the Fishhouses† and, in the opinion of Lowell, a parallel erosion of their dignity, through desecration, displacement, or neglect. Distinct from the more natural processes of Bishop, there is a different order of survivor, like the extinct dinosaurs who reappear as devouring steam shovels, or the Mosler safe whose commercial viability overshadows in the minds of its promoters the human losses at Hiroshima, or the new mechanical fish that end the poem. Each of these survivors embodies a new, aggressively commercial immortality. This focus on the modern obsession with materialism and profit is not as present in Bishop’s â€Å"At the Fishhouses.† In For the Union Dead Lowell uses the temporary displacement of Saint-Gaudenss bronze relief of Colonel Shaw and his black regiment in a context awash in parking lots, finned cars, and crass commercialization, to create a plain and physically correct symbol for the violent yet barely conscious displacement of mourning in the postmodern world he resides in. While Bishop did write on the disconcerting onset of a devouring commercialism, even going so far as to move to Brazil, in part to evade the mass-production culture that was increasingly dominating her native land, this poem does not exist as a critique of this cultural shift (Midcentury Quartet, 1999) . â€Å"The decline of the population† remains shrouded in ambiguity, and the only line which may vaguely hold the critical lens is that of, â€Å"a million Christmas trees stand/ waiting for Ch ristmas.† The act of survival for Lowell, be it via memorial or mechanical service, inevitably pertains to a sense of material desire. The displaced Saint-Gaudens statue is the central image linking the first group of survivors to the concept of the simulacrum. It preserves in vicarious stasis its bronze Negroes, who maintain a curious simulation of life mirrored by the stone statues of the abstract Union Soldier[s], who doze over muskets / and muse through their sideburns. But the Saint-Gaudens statue differs from all the other static monuments in one sense: it sticks like a fishbone / in the citys throat as an uncomfortable survivor, reminiscent of such values as heroism, sacrifice, and racial equality, that no longer seem relevant in the bustling downtown of Boston. Colonel Shaw emerges finally as the poems protagonist, seen largely in terms of the way heroic death is memorialized: Colonel Shaw is seen in terms of a culture that is on the verge of utter disappearance. His heroism is of a past order that seems uncomfortable even for an observer who mourns its passing. He is a reminder of the past just as Bishop’s old man is in â€Å"At the Fishhouses†. Both remain inflexible in their pursuit, and this places them on the margins of the contemporary culture the poets are exploring. For Lowell, â€Å"He is out of bounds now./ He rejoices in mans lovely, peculiar power to choose life and die—/ when he leads his black soldiers to death,/ he cannot bend his back.† Just as for Bishop, with the old man and the sea â€Å"I have seen it over and over,/ the same sea, the same,/ slightly, indifferently swinging above the stones/ free above the stones,/ above the stones and then the world.†Though Colonel Shaw represents an almost oppressive maturity, childhood remains a constant presence throughout the poem, and despite facing the great expanse of local history with all its losses, the gestures and wishes of childhood persist in the adult. The childs awareness is introduced in the second stanza, which generates much of the po ems continuing imagery. The child whose nose crawled like a snail on the glass of the aquarium parallels the adult who pressed against the new barbed and galvanized / fence on the Boston Common. The childs impulse to burst the bubbles / drifting from the noses of the cowed, compliant fish suggests a temptation toward violent gesture that is echoed throughout the poem. Though the impulse to violence is later transferred to other figures, it is first seen in the speaker, with his yearning for the dark downward and vegetating kingdom / of the fish and reptile that reflects a yearning to reach back through the pre-moral awareness of early childhood to the amoral awareness of the â€Å"lower vertebrates.† The body of the poem frequently echoes this yearning to escape from cognition and the pain of historical awareness and self-consciousness and responsibility, an escape that the leaders of Boston seem already to have achieved. It might also imply a yearning for the freedom to act on baser instinct, a freedom shared by the lower vertebrates but rejected by Colonel Shaw. The Parking spaces that luxuriate like civic / sandpiles in the heart of Boston suggest this lingering childishness in the minds of the citys urban planners. But the speaker of the poem is not exempt. When he crouches before his television set to watch the Negro school-children, he is mimicking his own action as a child peering through the glass of the fish tank; despite his prevailingly gritty, realistic tone, unwittingly lost in wonder.Bishop remains tied to her own personal history as well, as she too feels the burden of understanding the fading histories of her hometown, though this is not expressed as explicitly as is done in â€Å"For the Union Dead.† In her seaside town scales plaster everything, just as young children are seemingly perpetually covered in glitter; the â€Å"sequins† turn her fading society iridescent, covering a harsh truth in a beautiful gleaming armor, a gold leaf preservation, hiding the cracks and the rotting wood. She listens eagerly to the stories of her elders and sings to a seal, personifying him with attributes such as curiosity and mannerisms such as casual shrugs. Despite the, â€Å"Cold dark deep and absolutely clear,/ element bearable to no mortal,† that she is faced with upon looking out of this fading town, she, as with Lowell, retains a sense of childlike wonder, unable to remove herself from her most human characteristic as she examines the world and man’s effect on it in the widest possible lens. In gazing through this wide lens, the question of what is lost and what remains seems a natural conclusion. For Bishop, the characters in â€Å"At the Fishhouses† witness the slow destruction of their history and carry on, whether due to or in spite of losing their footing in the Anthropocene is a matter of speculation. Regardless, the old man was able to persevere, gazing out to a changing scenescape but not irreparably changed as the characters in â€Å"For the Union Dead† have become. Lowell presents the loss of history as an occurrence that arrives with sweeping strokes: every step towards modernity leads to the eviction of swaths of the past. Despite their myriad similarities, Bishop and Lowell view the nature of time and loss from diametrically opposed positions. Bishop views the loss of the seaside town as an organic process; first the city grows and thrives, then it slowly fades into disrepair and unto death. Lowell, in contrast, sees the loss of Boston’s history as man-made, as choices, conscious or no, to gold plate certain memories and gut others. The old man is witness rather than survivor because his place is to thrive and fall with the town: one does not survive the organic process of death, merely bears witness to it until it can be seen no more. The soldiers in Boston were able to become testaments to a message from the past much needed in Lowell’s present: they survived the city’s spring cleaning of its history because they felt they had no choice. Colonel Shaw had something to say about the present, the old man speaks only in comparison to the past. Loss in all its forms is inherently fraught and inscrutable, but in these poetic observations both Bishop and Lowell found ways to address and come to terms with the nature of their shifting Anthropocene, watching it walk past them as all they understand fades into memory.

The Product by Cirque du Soleil Referred to as Blueocean - 825 Words

Describe the Product by Cirque du Soleil Referred to as Blueocean (Essay Sample) Content: Cirque du SoleilNameInstitutionCirque du SoleilProduct and strategyWith its new product, by the name Blue Ocean, Cirque du Soleil took the entire world by a storm and this is because it created a vast ocean of space in the market. This particular strategic move challenged the ordinary conventions of the circus industry (Porto, 2006). With this new product, it stands to be acknowledged that Cirque du Soleil located In Quebec has its products have been watched by over 149 million viewers in over 290 cities across the globe (Hurley, Harvie, 1999). 25 years have now passed since Cirque du Soleil was started and to date, it has assumed up a very large portion of revenue.This revenue is too large that it would take former global circus champions BB and Ringling Bros. to amerce together given the 25 years. So, what has contributed to the rapid growth of this company? The answer to this question is the strategy employed. It is important to note that Cirque du Soleil did not adopt the traditional concepts of strategic analysis that encouraged the limited potential growth of companies. One of the key strategic moves put down was Cirque du Soleil being achieved when the industry was still very strong.That is, supplier power, as well as buyer power, in the market was still very strong. Supplier power refers to the supply of performers whereas the buyer power refers to the people being entertained or pay to attend the circus. Another compelling strategic move by Cirque du Soleil is that it did not want to base its success on taking consumers from the circus industry that had already started showing signs of dwindling, note, that this was mainly focused on children, instead, Cirque du Soleil created a marketplace that is uncontested, hence, making the competition it faced from other alternative forms of entertainment irrelevant. This marketplace appealed to a large group of clients ranging from adults, children, and even cooperate clients (Chrislip, Larson, 1994).Structuring and supporting cast to deliver superior performance.It is important to note that Cirque du Soleil is year in year out spending a lot of money as well as time in both development and research. This money and time are being geared towards promoting perfectly performing cast as well as making sure that they are effectively trained. Cirque du Soleil has adopted a principle in which it invites perfect performers from other companies to motivate their own performers and cast. By keeping a keen look out on the casts demands and requirements, Cirque du Soleil always makes sure that their cast is well motivated and look forward to doing their best each and every day (Du Soleil, DupÃÆ'rÃÆ', 1990).Most notably is the action Cirque du Soleil took to hire a master clown from New York to train their current clowns various techniques and tricks. The company has also invested on the training of the acrobats and gymnastsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬, hence, giving them a perfect personal touch. The management challenged the staff to learn more flexible and culturally relevant moves to boost their creativity (Plompen, 2005). It is because of this that the dancers of Cirque du Soleil learnt to combine both classic ballet and Brazilian dance moves. Cirque du Soleil appreciates culture, this is mainly because it encourages artists from different cultural backgrounds to feel free to express themselves culturally (Sacco, Segre, 2009). It is also important to note that Cirque du Soleil hired special Olympic experts to train their acrobats. Cirque du Soleil makes sure that all its staff is perfectly motivated and all their needs are dealt with.Challenges to Cirqueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s continued growth and/or diversificationCirque du Soleil is currently facing a lot of challenges. Of the many challenges the greatest challenge is locating and recruiting some of the best artists and performers across the globe. This in itself can only be compared to finding a needle in a haystack. Despite th e company investing a lot in recruiting strategies, the world is vast and at times, the perfect performer may never get scouted and recruited for service. Another challenge that Cirque du Soleil has encountered is its failure in establishing itself within the Asian market (Tebo, 2003). It is also very important to note that the currency difference in the Asian market greatly threatened Cirque du Soleilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s profits. The other challenge that Cirque du Soleil has experienced is facing steep competition from other circus giants, for e...

Objectives of Coca Cola Company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1931 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? The Coca-Cola Company is a beverage company, manufacturer, distributor, and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in 1886. The Coca-Cola formula and brand was bought in 1889 by Asa Candler who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. Besides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage, Coca-Cola currently offers more than 400 brands in over 200 countries or territories and serves 1. 6 billion servings each day. [5] The company operates a franchised distribution system dating from 1889 where The Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate which is then sold to variousbottlers throughout the world who hold an exclusive territory. The Coca-Cola Company is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Its stock is listed on theNYSE and is part of DJIA, SP 500 Index, the Russell 1000 Index and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index. Its current chairman and CEO is Muhtar Kent. The Coca-Cola Company was originally established in 1891 as the J. S. Pemberton Medicine Company, a co-partnership between Dr. John Stith Pemberton and Ed Holland. The company was formed to sell three main products: Pembertons French Wine Cola (later known as Coca-Cola), Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Objectives of Coca Cola Company" essay for you Create order Pembertons Indian Queen Hair Dye, and Pembertons Globe Flower Cough Syrup. In 1884, the company became a stock company and the name was changed to Pemberton Chemical Company. The new president was D. D. Doe while Ed Holland became the new Vice-President. Pemberton stayed on as the superintendent. The companys factory was located at No. 107, Marietta St. Three years later, the company was again changed to Pemberton Medicine Company, another co-partnership, this time between Pemberton, A. O. Murphy, E. H. Bloodworth, and J. C. Mayfield. Finally in October 1888, the company received a charter with an authorized capital of 50,000. The charter became official on January 15, 1889. By this time, the company had expanded its offerings to include Pembertons Orange and Lemon Elixir. Also according to the 2007 Annual Report, Coca-Cola had gallon sales distributed as follows: 37% in the United States, 43% in Mexico,India, Brazil, Japan and the Peoples Republic of China and 20% spread throughout the rest of the world Houston Coca-Cola Bottling Company Main article: List of assets owned by The Coca-Cola Company In general, The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) and/or subsidiaries only produces (or produce) yrup concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold a Coca-Cola franchise. Coca-Cola bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise the resulting Coca-Cola product to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food service distributors. One notable exception to this general relationship between TCCC and bottlers is fountainsyrups n the United States, where TCCC bypasses bottlers and is responsible for the manufacture and sale of fountain syrups directly to authorized fountain wholesalers and some fountain retailers. [edit]Criticism Main article: Criticis m of Coca-Cola The Coca-Cola Company has been involved in a number of controversies and lawsuits related to its relationship with human rightsviolations and other perceived unethical practices. A number of lawsuits have been issued in relation to its allegedly monopolistic and discriminatory practices, some of which have been dismissed, some of which have caused The Coca-Cola Company to change its business practices, and some of which have been settled out of court. [16] It has also been involved in a discrimination case. There have been continuing criticisms regarding the Coca-Cola Companys relation to the Middle East and U. S. foreign policy. An issue with pesticides in groundwater in 2003 led to problems for the company when an Indian NGO, Centre for Science and Environment, announced that it had found cancer causing chemicals in Coca-Cola as well as other soft drinks produced by the company, at levels 30 times that considered safe by the European Economic Commission. This caused an 11 percent drop in Indian Coca-Cola sales. [17][18] The Indian Health Minister said the CSE tests were inaccurate, and said that the governments tests found pesticide levels within Indias standards but above EU standards. [19][20] The UK-based Central Science Laboratory, commissioned by Coke, found its products met EU standards in 2006. [21] Coke and the University of Michigan commissioned an independent study of its bottling plants by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), which reported in 2008 no unsafe chemicals in the water supply, though it criticized Coke for the impact f its water usage on local supply. [22] The company has been criticised on a number of environmental issues. Critics claim that the companys overuse of local water supplies in some locations has led to severe shortages for regional farmers and the forced closure of some plants. [23] Packaging used in Coca-Colas products have a significant environmental impact. However, the company strongly op poses attempts to introduce mechanisms such as container deposit legislation. [24] There are charges that the Coca-Cola Company was involved in the violent repression of a union at several of its bottling plants in Colombia, South America. As of August 2005, when PBSs Frontline ran a story on the controversy, Coca-Cola strenuously denied all allegations of union-busting and murder of union leaders. Shareholders and U. S. colleges[25][26] have boycotted Coca-Cola to try to put pressure on the company to approve a full-scale, independent investigation of the charges. [27] On 10 December 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) wrote to Mr. Muhtar Kent, President and Chief Executive Officer, to warn him that the FDA had concluded that Coca-Colas product Diet Coke Plus 20 FL OZ was is in violation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. 28] In January 2009, the US consumer group the Center for Science in the Public Interest filed a class-action lawsuit against Coca-Cola. [29]The lawsuit was in regards to claims made, along with the companys flavors, of Vitamin Water. Claims say that the 33 grams of sugar are more harmful than the vitamins and other additives are helpful. Coca-Cola insists the suit is ridiculous . [citation needed] [edit]Products and brands Main article: Coca-Cola brands The Coca-Cola Company offers nearly 400 brands in over 200 countries, besides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage. Tab was Coca-Colas first attempt to develop a diet soft drink, using saccharin as a sugar substitute. Introduced in 1963, the product is still sold today, however its sales have dwindled since the introduction of Diet Coke. The Coca-Cola Company also produces a number of other soft drinks including Fanta (introduced circa 1942 or 1943) and Sprite. Fantas origins date back to World War II when Max Keith, who managed Coca-Colas operations in Germany during the war, wanted to make money from Nazi Germany but did not want the negative publicity. Keith resorted to producing a different soft drink, Fanta, which proved to be a hit, and when Coke took over again after the war, it adopted the Fanta brand as well. The German Fanta Klare Zitrone(Clear Lemon Fanta) variety became Sprite, another of the companys bestsellers and its response to 7 Up. During the 1990s, the company responded to the growing consumer interest in healthy beverages by introducing several new non-carbonated beverage brands. These included Minute Maid Juices to Go, Powerade sports beverage, flavored tea Nestea (in a joint venture with Nestle), Fruitopia fruit drink and Dasani water, among others. In 2001, Minute Maid division aunched the Simply Orangebrand of juices including orange juice. In 2004, perhaps in response to the burgeoning popularity of low-carbohydrate diets such as the Atkins Diet, Coca-Cola announced its intention to develop and sell a low-carbohydrate alternative to Coke Classic, dubbed C2 Cola. C2 contains a mix of high fructose corn syrup, aspartame, sucralose, and Acesulfame potassium. C2 i s designed to more closely emulate the taste of Coca-Cola Classic. Even with less than half of the food energy and carbohydrates of standard soft drinks, C2 is not a replacement for zero-calorie soft drinks such as Diet Coke. C2 went on sale in the U. S. on June 11, 2004, and in Canada in August 2004. C2s future is uncertain due to disappointing sales. Coca-Cola is the best-selling soft drink in most countries. While the Middle East is one of the only regions in the world where Coca-Cola is not the number one soda drink, Coca-Cola nonetheless holds almost 25% marketshare (to Pepsis 75%) and had double-digit growth in 2003. [30] Similarly, in Scotland, where the locally produced Irn-Bru was once more popular, 2005 figures show that both Coca-Cola and Diet Coke now outsell Irn-Bru. [31] In Peru, the native Inca Kola has been ore popular than Coca-Cola, which prompted Coca-Cola to enter in negotiations with the soft drinks company and buy 50% of its stakes. In Japan, the best selling soft drink is not cola, as (canned) tea and coffee are more popular. [32] As such, the Coca-Cola Companys best selling brand there is not Coca-Cola, butGeorgia. [33] Some claim Coke is less popular in India due to suspicions reg arding the health standards of the drink. [citation needed] On July 6, 2006, a Coca-Cola employee and two other people were arrested and charged with trying to sell trade secrets information to the soft drink makers competitor, PepsiCo for $1. million. The recipe for Coca-Cola, perhaps the companys most closely guarded secret, was never in jeopardy. Instead, the information was related to a new beverage in development. Coca-Cola executives verified that the documents were valid and proprietary. At least one glass vial containing a sample of a new drink was offered for sale, court documents said. The conspiracy was revealed by PepsiCo, which notified the authorities when they were approached by the conspirators. [34] The company announced a new negative calorie green tea drink, Enviga, in 2006, along with rying coffee retail concepts Far Coastand Chaqwa. On May 25, 2007, Coca-Cola announced it would purchase Glaceau, a maker of flavored vitamin-enhanced drinks (vitamin water), flavor ed waters, and energy drinks, for $4. 1 billion in cash. [35] On September 3, 2008, Coca-Cola announced its intention to make cash offers to purchase China Huiyuan Juice Group Limited (which has a 42% share of the Chinese pure fruit juice market[36]) for US$2. 4bn (HK$12. 20 per share). [37] Chinas ministry of commerceblocked the deal on March 18, 2009, arguing that the deal would hurt small local juice companies, could have ushed up juice market prices and limited consumers’ choices. [38] In October 2009, Coca-Cola revealed its new 90-calorie mini can that holds 7. 5 fluid ounces. [39] The first shipments are expected to reach the New York City and Washington D. C. markets in December 2009 and nationwide by March 2010. [39] [edit]Sponsorship Coca-Cola has sponsored the English Football League since the beginning of the 2004-05 season (beginning August 2004). Other major sponsorships include NASCAR, the NBA, the PGA Tour, NCAA Championships, the Olympic Games, the NRL, the FI FA World Cupsand the UEFA Euro, as well as the hit Fox singing-competition series American Idol. Coca-Cola is a sponsor of the nightly talk show onPBS, Charlie Rose in the US. [citation needed] [edit]In video games In PlayStation Home, the PlayStation 3s online community-based service, Coca-Cola placed a vending machine in Home that took users to a space called the Georgia Break Station. The vending machine also distributed original avatar items and presented, along with C-pons, digital coupons that could be used to get real drinks from real vending machines. This was to promote Coca-ColasGeorgia series of canned coffee. The space was a lounge where users could sit and chat and included two in-lounge avatars that told the users about the Georgia coffee. It was available from September 7, 2009 to December 17, 2009 in the Japanese version of Home. [40] [unreliable source? ] In Dreamcasts Shenmue in 1999, Coca-Cola was featured in the Japanese only version when the main character Ryo Hazuki finds vending machines on the street corners in the video game, and actual cans that were sold in Japan in 1986, the setting of the video game. Sometimes, Ryo gets a special can which can be turned in for prizes. [citation needed]