Objectives of Coca Cola Company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1931 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? The Coca-Cola Company is a beverage company, manufacturer, distributor, and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in 1886. The Coca-Cola formula and brand was bought in 1889 by Asa Candler who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. Besides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage, Coca-Cola currently offers more than 400 brands in over 200 countries or territories and serves 1. 6 billion servings each day. [5] The company operates a franchised distribution system dating from 1889 where The Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate which is then sold to variousbottlers throughout the world who hold an exclusive territory. The Coca-Cola Company is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Its stock is listed on theNYSE and is part of DJIA, SP 500 Index, the Russell 1000 Index and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index. Its current chairman and CEO is Muhtar Kent. The Coca-Cola Company was originally established in 1891 as the J. S. Pemberton Medicine Company, a co-partnership between Dr. John Stith Pemberton and Ed Holland. The company was formed to sell three main products: Pembertons French Wine Cola (later known as Coca-Cola), Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Objectives of Coca Cola Company" essay for you Create order Pembertons Indian Queen Hair Dye, and Pembertons Globe Flower Cough Syrup. In 1884, the company became a stock company and the name was changed to Pemberton Chemical Company. The new president was D. D. Doe while Ed Holland became the new Vice-President. Pemberton stayed on as the superintendent. The companys factory was located at No. 107, Marietta St. Three years later, the company was again changed to Pemberton Medicine Company, another co-partnership, this time between Pemberton, A. O. Murphy, E. H. Bloodworth, and J. C. Mayfield. Finally in October 1888, the company received a charter with an authorized capital of 50,000. The charter became official on January 15, 1889. By this time, the company had expanded its offerings to include Pembertons Orange and Lemon Elixir. Also according to the 2007 Annual Report, Coca-Cola had gallon sales distributed as follows: 37% in the United States, 43% in Mexico,India, Brazil, Japan and the Peoples Republic of China and 20% spread throughout the rest of the world Houston Coca-Cola Bottling Company Main article: List of assets owned by The Coca-Cola Company In general, The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) and/or subsidiaries only produces (or produce) yrup concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold a Coca-Cola franchise. Coca-Cola bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise the resulting Coca-Cola product to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food service distributors. One notable exception to this general relationship between TCCC and bottlers is fountainsyrups n the United States, where TCCC bypasses bottlers and is responsible for the manufacture and sale of fountain syrups directly to authorized fountain wholesalers and some fountain retailers. [edit]Criticism Main article: Criticis m of Coca-Cola The Coca-Cola Company has been involved in a number of controversies and lawsuits related to its relationship with human rightsviolations and other perceived unethical practices. A number of lawsuits have been issued in relation to its allegedly monopolistic and discriminatory practices, some of which have been dismissed, some of which have caused The Coca-Cola Company to change its business practices, and some of which have been settled out of court. [16] It has also been involved in a discrimination case. There have been continuing criticisms regarding the Coca-Cola Companys relation to the Middle East and U. S. foreign policy. An issue with pesticides in groundwater in 2003 led to problems for the company when an Indian NGO, Centre for Science and Environment, announced that it had found cancer causing chemicals in Coca-Cola as well as other soft drinks produced by the company, at levels 30 times that considered safe by the European Economic Commission. This caused an 11 percent drop in Indian Coca-Cola sales. [17][18] The Indian Health Minister said the CSE tests were inaccurate, and said that the governments tests found pesticide levels within Indias standards but above EU standards. [19][20] The UK-based Central Science Laboratory, commissioned by Coke, found its products met EU standards in 2006. [21] Coke and the University of Michigan commissioned an independent study of its bottling plants by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), which reported in 2008 no unsafe chemicals in the water supply, though it criticized Coke for the impact f its water usage on local supply. [22] The company has been criticised on a number of environmental issues. Critics claim that the companys overuse of local water supplies in some locations has led to severe shortages for regional farmers and the forced closure of some plants. [23] Packaging used in Coca-Colas products have a significant environmental impact. However, the company strongly op poses attempts to introduce mechanisms such as container deposit legislation. [24] There are charges that the Coca-Cola Company was involved in the violent repression of a union at several of its bottling plants in Colombia, South America. As of August 2005, when PBSs Frontline ran a story on the controversy, Coca-Cola strenuously denied all allegations of union-busting and murder of union leaders. Shareholders and U. S. colleges[25][26] have boycotted Coca-Cola to try to put pressure on the company to approve a full-scale, independent investigation of the charges. [27] On 10 December 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) wrote to Mr. Muhtar Kent, President and Chief Executive Officer, to warn him that the FDA had concluded that Coca-Colas product Diet Coke Plus 20 FL OZ was is in violation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. 28] In January 2009, the US consumer group the Center for Science in the Public Interest filed a class-action lawsuit against Coca-Cola. [29]The lawsuit was in regards to claims made, along with the companys flavors, of Vitamin Water. Claims say that the 33 grams of sugar are more harmful than the vitamins and other additives are helpful. Coca-Cola insists the suit is ridiculous . [citation needed] [edit]Products and brands Main article: Coca-Cola brands The Coca-Cola Company offers nearly 400 brands in over 200 countries, besides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage. Tab was Coca-Colas first attempt to develop a diet soft drink, using saccharin as a sugar substitute. Introduced in 1963, the product is still sold today, however its sales have dwindled since the introduction of Diet Coke. The Coca-Cola Company also produces a number of other soft drinks including Fanta (introduced circa 1942 or 1943) and Sprite. Fantas origins date back to World War II when Max Keith, who managed Coca-Colas operations in Germany during the war, wanted to make money from Nazi Germany but did not want the negative publicity. Keith resorted to producing a different soft drink, Fanta, which proved to be a hit, and when Coke took over again after the war, it adopted the Fanta brand as well. The German Fanta Klare Zitrone(Clear Lemon Fanta) variety became Sprite, another of the companys bestsellers and its response to 7 Up. During the 1990s, the company responded to the growing consumer interest in healthy beverages by introducing several new non-carbonated beverage brands. These included Minute Maid Juices to Go, Powerade sports beverage, flavored tea Nestea (in a joint venture with Nestle), Fruitopia fruit drink and Dasani water, among others. In 2001, Minute Maid division aunched the Simply Orangebrand of juices including orange juice. In 2004, perhaps in response to the burgeoning popularity of low-carbohydrate diets such as the Atkins Diet, Coca-Cola announced its intention to develop and sell a low-carbohydrate alternative to Coke Classic, dubbed C2 Cola. C2 contains a mix of high fructose corn syrup, aspartame, sucralose, and Acesulfame potassium. C2 i s designed to more closely emulate the taste of Coca-Cola Classic. Even with less than half of the food energy and carbohydrates of standard soft drinks, C2 is not a replacement for zero-calorie soft drinks such as Diet Coke. C2 went on sale in the U. S. on June 11, 2004, and in Canada in August 2004. C2s future is uncertain due to disappointing sales. Coca-Cola is the best-selling soft drink in most countries. While the Middle East is one of the only regions in the world where Coca-Cola is not the number one soda drink, Coca-Cola nonetheless holds almost 25% marketshare (to Pepsis 75%) and had double-digit growth in 2003. [30] Similarly, in Scotland, where the locally produced Irn-Bru was once more popular, 2005 figures show that both Coca-Cola and Diet Coke now outsell Irn-Bru. [31] In Peru, the native Inca Kola has been ore popular than Coca-Cola, which prompted Coca-Cola to enter in negotiations with the soft drinks company and buy 50% of its stakes. In Japan, the best selling soft drink is not cola, as (canned) tea and coffee are more popular. [32] As such, the Coca-Cola Companys best selling brand there is not Coca-Cola, butGeorgia. [33] Some claim Coke is less popular in India due to suspicions reg arding the health standards of the drink. [citation needed] On July 6, 2006, a Coca-Cola employee and two other people were arrested and charged with trying to sell trade secrets information to the soft drink makers competitor, PepsiCo for $1. million. The recipe for Coca-Cola, perhaps the companys most closely guarded secret, was never in jeopardy. Instead, the information was related to a new beverage in development. Coca-Cola executives verified that the documents were valid and proprietary. At least one glass vial containing a sample of a new drink was offered for sale, court documents said. The conspiracy was revealed by PepsiCo, which notified the authorities when they were approached by the conspirators. [34] The company announced a new negative calorie green tea drink, Enviga, in 2006, along with rying coffee retail concepts Far Coastand Chaqwa. On May 25, 2007, Coca-Cola announced it would purchase Glaceau, a maker of flavored vitamin-enhanced drinks (vitamin water), flavor ed waters, and energy drinks, for $4. 1 billion in cash. [35] On September 3, 2008, Coca-Cola announced its intention to make cash offers to purchase China Huiyuan Juice Group Limited (which has a 42% share of the Chinese pure fruit juice market[36]) for US$2. 4bn (HK$12. 20 per share). [37] Chinas ministry of commerceblocked the deal on March 18, 2009, arguing that the deal would hurt small local juice companies, could have ushed up juice market prices and limited consumers’ choices. [38] In October 2009, Coca-Cola revealed its new 90-calorie mini can that holds 7. 5 fluid ounces. [39] The first shipments are expected to reach the New York City and Washington D. C. markets in December 2009 and nationwide by March 2010. [39] [edit]Sponsorship Coca-Cola has sponsored the English Football League since the beginning of the 2004-05 season (beginning August 2004). Other major sponsorships include NASCAR, the NBA, the PGA Tour, NCAA Championships, the Olympic Games, the NRL, the FI FA World Cupsand the UEFA Euro, as well as the hit Fox singing-competition series American Idol. Coca-Cola is a sponsor of the nightly talk show onPBS, Charlie Rose in the US. [citation needed] [edit]In video games In PlayStation Home, the PlayStation 3s online community-based service, Coca-Cola placed a vending machine in Home that took users to a space called the Georgia Break Station. The vending machine also distributed original avatar items and presented, along with C-pons, digital coupons that could be used to get real drinks from real vending machines. This was to promote Coca-ColasGeorgia series of canned coffee. The space was a lounge where users could sit and chat and included two in-lounge avatars that told the users about the Georgia coffee. It was available from September 7, 2009 to December 17, 2009 in the Japanese version of Home. [40] [unreliable source? ] In Dreamcasts Shenmue in 1999, Coca-Cola was featured in the Japanese only version when the main character Ryo Hazuki finds vending machines on the street corners in the video game, and actual cans that were sold in Japan in 1986, the setting of the video game. Sometimes, Ryo gets a special can which can be turned in for prizes. [citation needed]

United States Intervention in Iraq Essay - 2113 Words

United States Intervention in IRAQ Table of Contents Type chapter title (level 1) 1 Type chapter title (level 2) 2 Type chapter title (level 3) 3 Type chapter title (level 1) 4 Type chapter title (level 2) 5 Type chapter title (level 3) 6 US Intervention in IRAQ: Introduction: The war on terrorism led the United States to intervene and play a vital part in world history. The United States administration decided to send our troops to help destroy weapons of mass destruction under Saddam Hussein’s regime in Iraq. This project discusses the impact, perception and results of United States involvement in the Iraq war. Initially, there was a lot of controversy and questions on why we were involved, why we attacked Iraq and what†¦show more content†¦1996 September – United States extends northern limit of southern no-fly zone to latitude 33 degrees north, just south of Baghdad. 1998 October - Iraq ends cooperation with United Nations Special Commission to Oversee the Destruction of Iraqs Weapons of Mass Destruction (Unscom). 2.Operation Desert Fox 1998 December - After Unite Nations staff is evacuated from Baghdad, the United States and United Kingdom launch a bombing campaign, Operation Desert Fox, to destroy Iraqs (supposed) nuclear, chemical and biological weapons programs. Weapons inspectors return -2002 September – United States President George W Bush tells skeptical world leaders at a United Nation General meeting to confront the grave and gathering danger of Iraq - or stand aside as the United States acts. 3.Saddam ousted 2003 March – United Kingdoms ambassador to the United Nations says the diplomatic process on Iraq has ended; arms inspectors evacuate; United States President George W Bush gives Saddam Hussein and his sons 48 hours to leave Iraq or face war. 2003 March – United States-led invasion topples Saddam Husseins government, marks start of years of violent conflict with different groups competing for power. 2003 July – United States-appointed Governing Council meets for first time. 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Report On Chm310 Industrial Consultant For The Semester.

Report on CHM310 Industrial Consultant for the Semester Introduction: In the 1980s, HCFCs and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) were created as a safe and inexpensive coolant commonly used in refrigerators and air conditioners. They were used in refrigeration and a wide variety of manufacturing processes beginning in the late 1980s with the introduction of the Montreal Protocol (1). The purpose of this report is to present a comparison of two different HFC compounds to Air Liquide, which is a French multinational company, supplies industrial gases to various industries. This report provides high-level detail on the two types of HFC compounds, their impact on climate, environmental fate, and their safety and economic aspects. The three parts of†¦show more content†¦The table above shows that the legacy compound has almost longer atmospheric lifetime than the new compound, in other words, the legacy compounds would take longer time to accumulate in atmosphere and impact on climate. Most importantly, from the data of global warming potential, it is clear that both HFCs compounds are greenhouse gases and they do contribute to global warming; however, the legacy compound has almost ten times higher GWPs than the new compound. The definition of a GWP for a particular greenhouse gas is ration of a gas’s heat-trapping ability relative to CO2 and expressed over a 100-year timescale. It represents that the legacy compounds are more potent greenhouse gases than the new one. With the legacy compounds surrounding, the Earth surface can absorb more IR and warm up the atmosphere. The increasing temperature in turn arises more water vapor, which could create an amplify feedback mechanism and lead to further IR absorption. As a result, atmospheric circulation patterns are altered which will change local weather patterns and lead to catastrophes, such as droughts, floods, and rising sea levels. Environmental fate This section of the report discusses the final products, including their toxicity and their final fate. In general, the whole chemical reaction mechanism can be divided into four overlapping processes: 1) H-abstraction by OH radical, 2) O2-addition, 3) O-transfer by using NO, 4) bond cleavage or formation of the double

Differences And Differences Between Social Comfort,...

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Money In the 90s Essay Example For Students

Money In the 90s Essay Money in the 90sWhat do you do when you suddenly inherit money? Are you supposed to run outand spend it like crazy? Are you supposed to put it all in the bank? Do you tell anyoneyou have your money and where you got it from? These are all questions that wentthrough my head as I turned 18. I was an overnight rich person. What was I to do?Ever since I can remember, my mother has been telling me, when you turn 18you are going to get the money your Daddy left for you. For some reason I never reallybelieved her. I thought that I would get about $2,000 or something and be able to buy anice computer for college or something along those lines. I never thought I would beable to buy a house. I dont even want or need a house, but all of a sudden I am able tobuy one. I did not grow up poor by any means, but I was not the kid on the street withmoney to toss out either. Now that I had money, what was I supposed to do with it?The first thing I did when I got my money was hug my mother really tight. Eversince I was 2 she had been paying taxes on it, investing it, making sure it was safe, andtons of other things she really did not have to do. She did it all out of the kindness of herheart. When the judge in control of my funds would be a dork and send us a nice littleletter saying that he was sorry but had decided to move the money from a 10% interestaccount to a 4% account, my mother would be talking to our lawyer and trying to get itback to the good interest rate. We would always be getting letters like that, so havingdinner with a man who charged us $250 an hour was not unusual. Even then I neverrealized that I would be getting actual money. I must have been in some kind of a dreamland, but it did not make any sense until one certain rainy Monday. That Monday I had gotten called out of band by my lawyer, who to my suprise,was standing in my high school hallway. He handed me a stack of documents about 4inches thick and instructed me to sign on various pages. I did so, and afterwards he gaveme this big smile. Congratulations, Beth. You now are in control of your money. Iasked him exactly how much I had to spend and he directed me to the bottom of the nextto last page. I stared at an unbelievable figure $84,000. Was my lawyer serious? Iactually had a bank account somewhere with my name on it that contained that muchmoney? I could go out and by a new car and give each of my friends cars? I did notunderstand how overnight I had gone from my little dream world to reality. I now had abunch of dilemas to deal with, and I was not sure I even wanted them. Would having money change me? That was a major concern of mine for a longtime after I got my money. I did not want to become one of those superficial people thatdepend on money to make them happy. On the other hand, now that I could afford to getnice things, I wanted to take advantage of it. I could now go out and buy a nice computerfor college, maybe buy a new car, and finally get some new clothes. The last time I hadmoney to spare on clothes, I was in the 6th grade, so I think I was a little overdue for atrip to the mall. Clothes, a computer, and a car seemed very shallow to me, so I decidedto get some advice on what to do with my fortune. I did not want to spend all of mymoney and then wake up one day and realize it was all gone and I had to hunt for tuition. .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b , .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b .postImageUrl , .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b , .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b:hover , .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b:visited , .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b:active { border:0!important; } .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b:active , .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u08ddba7077468494e82adc2e62e18f8b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ebola EssayThat would be the last thing in the world I would ever want. Randy Baird worked for American Express at the time, although now he worksfor Prudential Securities, and he was more than willing to meet with me and discuss myfinancial future. He explained to me that although it seemed like I had millions ofdollars to blow on whatever I wanted, I would actually need a budget to get throughcollege. I could not believe it. I thought I would be able to buy all I wanted and not haveto worry about spending a little too much on a fancy dinner or buying one too manyCDs. After our initial meeting, I sat down with a calculator and figured out exactly howmuch I could spend on a computer. Since I love computers to death and I did not want tohave to upgrade during my Undergraduate education, I decided to buy a brand new400MhZ computer. The funny thing about my computer was that although I picked avery expensive setup, I had a friend of mine who worked with a local computer companybuy the computer for me under his employee discount. Even having $84,000 had notc hanged my penny pinching style. I felt so proud of myself that I even called up Randyand told him what I had done. After he recovered from my $2000 computer bill he toldme that I had made a wise decision and that he hoped it would be the first of many. With those words ringing in my ears, I went out and bought a brand new truck. Itreally makes me smile to myself to realize that although I have all of this money at myfingertips, when I chose to buy a truck, I got a Standard because it was cheaper, evenwhen I did not know how to drive one. Those kind of things that I do for myself justcrack me up. Feeling insecure was way too common when I was trying to decide exactlywhat to buy with my money and I was very grateful for my humble upbringing. Withoutit I probably would have gone spend-crazy and ended up with a Corvette and about 5cents to my name. Now that I had a computer, a car, and clothes, I was ready to make a big decision. I needed to figure out what I wanted to do with the remainder of my money. After somelong nights with my trusty calculator and a few dozen meetings with Randy, I decided toinvest the entire thing. If I had the will not to touch the money for 4 long years, by thetime I graduated I would have a considerable amount saved up. When I realized that Iwanted to do that and not withdraw money every week to buy stuff with, I was left witha big dilema. I needed to ask my parents to support me through college. After I wasthroughly rejected by them, I decided to get a job and work my way through school. Mymother decided that was a bad idea as well, and I settled on investing 3/4 of my moneyand using the other 1/4 for college expenses. It was really funny to realize that eventhough I was newly rich, I would have to pretend I was poor for 4 years and just ignorethe money I was saving up. My financial advisor helped me make up a budget that wasreasonable and my parents helped me understand how to st ick to it. The hard part wasover, I knew what I had to do. Finally college arrived and I found myself in a new town with nothing to do. Ithought of the thousands I had in my name and it was very hard not to drive over to thebank and withdraw some of it just so I would have something to do with my time. Thething I came to realize was that even though I did not want to spend it, it made me feelhappy and secure to know that I had it saved away. That cushion would be there for thenext few years and if there was ever some emergency, I could access it. That securityjust made most of my other college fears fade away. .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b , .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b .postImageUrl , .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b , .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b:hover , .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b:visited , .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b:active { border:0!important; } .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b:active , .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc20958de830f7eb9609d312f12b1564b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Roman Coliseum EssayI do not think I am a superficial person at all. That fear of mine I can just throwaway, because it will never happen to me. I know what I want in life right now and Iknow how to achieve it. Getting a lot of money just kind of forced me to re-evaluatewhat I needed to do to grow up. Now that I look back on the last year or so, I can see thatI am financially secure and even better, I am more mature than I was as a high schoolsenior. I can only hope that I will be able to grow as quickly and have it turn out as wellas I have in the past.

The term Artificial Intelligence comes to mind whe Essay Example For Students

The term Artificial Intelligence comes to mind whe Essay n thinking about Computer Science, but what does it really mean? Artificial Intelligence is an interdisciplinary field that includes computer science, physiology, and philosophy. The combination of natural language (speaking like a human), to recognizing complex patterns in handwriting is one of the main goals most artificial intelligence scientist hope to achieve. Artificial intelligence was first coined in 1956 in a Dartmouth University Conference on technology. John McCarthy considered to be the Father of Artificial Intelligence, organized this conference to bring together scientist with interest in machine intelligence (Dumm, Snitzer, and Dyess). Artificial intelligence has been on the experimental end of Computer Science sense this groundbreaking conference. One of the most fascinating areas in Artificial intelligence is Neural Networks. A neural network is a digitized model of the human brain simulated in the binary memory of a computer system (Garis). There are many properties that make up the neural network in relation to the modern computer. Neural networks have properties which are used for feature extraction, association, optimization, functions, and modeling (Gurney and Wright). There are just as many, if not more properties of neural networks in relation to the brain that need to be understood by scientist. Neuroscientist and psychologists believe, if computer models can be engineered to the level as a human brain, then questions about the neural make up of the gray matter in the brains of humans could be answered (Gurney and Wright). Although many of the characteristics of the human brain remain unknown, its the complex network of neurons which give humans intelligent qualities. A neuron alone does not signify intelligence but, when grouped together with electrical signals, passing through the brain it becomes similar to a computers digital networking (Dumm, Snitzer, and Dyess). The fundamentals of how neural networks make the brain function, was proposed by two mathematicians named Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts. Their hypothesis was based on experiments with neurons and that they might be considered devices for processing binary numbers (Dumm, Snitzer, and Dyess). Binary numbers were represented as 1s and 0s and were important mathematical and computational process for inputting and outputting data. This link alone was the basis for computer-simulated neural networks. McCulloch and Pitts used principles based on George Booles postulates concerning how the brain makes true/false decisions. This produced Boolean algebra and the Boolean expression is now used as a reserve word in many programming languages to code true or false variable expressions (Dumm, Snitzer, and Dyess). Using the ideas of the brain feedback theory McCulloch and Pitts, described a loop that exists between the senses, brain, and muscles. This introduced the conclusion that Memory could be defined as the signals in a closed loop neurons (Dumm, Snitzer, and Dyess). These conclusions all lead to the theory of artificial neural networks. There are many implications when realizing a world of computers, which inevitable are smarter than its creator. Moral dilemmas in many areas of science will be questioned. Already, in present day many of us depend on computers in our everyday lives to drive us to work or safeguard our house. Also, there are many computer programs that utilized artificial intelligence and neural networks in todays high-level logic languages. Some examples of these programs are Prolog and Lisp. John McCarthy also created Lisp in 1958. Prolog revealed itself in 1972 (Dumm, Snitzer, and Dyess). Both these languages are still used today. The 1980s hurt artificial intelligence research. For a lack of demands from companies, the industry lost close to a half a billion dollars in research funds (Dumm, Snitzer, and Dyess). Sense these early origins of artificial intelligence, scientists worry that a machine could be created and be capable of evolution and extreme intelligence beyond human comprehension. Issues of whether or not to build this thinking machine will inevitable a result of backlash from society, military, and the government. Artificial intelligence and neural networks are on the pioneering edge of computer science. .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb , .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb .postImageUrl , .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb , .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb:hover , .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb:visited , .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb:active { border:0!important; } .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb:active , .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc1c9ad54af895f7ad042743ebbfe8ebb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hidden Intellectualism Essay Advanced-level languages and computer interfaces owe their very existence to all areas of artificial intelligence research. Artificial intelligence is still in the groundbreaking stages some forty years later. The computers available today are only bits and pieces of what .